Image For Windows User Manual

Accessible Devices wishes to express our appreciation to TeraByte Unlimited for permission to make the manual available here. We’ve added headings to assist in screen reader navigation.

Version 2.13

Copyright and Trademark Information

TeraByte Unlimited
Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
http://www.terabyteunlimited.com
Copyright © 1996-2008 by TeraByte Unlimited, All Rights Reserved.
Trademarks
BootIt, PHYLock, and TBIView are trademarks of TeraByte Unlimited.
Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
IBM, PC-DOS and OS/2 are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation.
All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners.

Technical Support Policy

Technical support is provided online. Software and documentation updates are available at
www.terabyteunlimited.com.

* The Image for Windows home page, with software and documentation update information, and support resources, can be found at
www.terabyteunlimited.com/image-for-windows.htm.

* A support knowledge base for all TeraByte Unlimited products, including Image for Windows, can be found at
www.terabyteunlimited.com/kb.

Registered users can email their questions to
support@terabyteunlimited.com
if you can’t find a suitable resolution via the aforementioned support resources. If we cannot resolve the issue via email, we may provide telephone support.

Unregistered users will be provided technical support and product information through email only.

In all cases, TeraByte Unlimited reserves the right to refuse any communication method that would incur a cost.

Ombudsman Statement

This program is produced by a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members’ products. Please contact the ASP Ombudsman online at
www.aspshareware.com/omb.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS…………………………………………………….5
DATA STORAGE SIZE UNIT CONVENTIONS…………………………………………….5
HOW IMAGE FOR WINDOWS WORKS……………………………………………………..6
WAYS TO USE IMAGE FOR WINDOWS…………………………………………………….7
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS QUICK START……………………………………………………..8
OBTAINING IMAGE FOR WINDOWS…………………………………………………………9
INSTALLING IMAGE FOR WINDOWS………………………………………………………10
FORMULATING A BACKUP PLAN…………………………………………………………..17
CONSIDER THE DESTINATION FOR YOUR BACKUP………………………………………………..17
PLAN YOUR BACKUP WITH A RESTORE STRATEGY IN MIND…………………………………….17
STRIKE YOUR OWN BALANCE BETWEEN CONVENIENCE AND RESILIENCY………………….17
CREATING BACKUPS WITH IMAGE FOR WINDOWS……………………………….18
CREATING A FULL BACKUP………………………………………………………………18
UNDERSTANDING OPTIONS…………………………………………………………….22
Setting Image for Windows Program Options…………………………………………………………22
Setting Backup Options……………………………………………………………………..25
CREATING A DIFFERENTIAL BACKUP………………………………………………………………….28
RESTORING AN IMAGE FILE…………………………………………………..32
RESTORING A BACKUP WITH IMAGE FOR DOS……………………………………….33
Navigating the Image for DOS Interface…………………………………………………37
Restoring the Backup………………………………………………………………………….38
Image for DOS Restore Options for an Entire Drive………………………………………………..41
Image for DOS Restore Options for an Individual Partition……………………………………….43
RESTORING A BACKUP WITH IMAGE FOR WINDOWS………………………………………………46
GEOMETRY SETTINGS……………………………………………………………………….49
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS RESTORE OPTIONS………………………………………………………….50
VALIDATING BACKUPS WITH IMAGE FOR WINDOWS…………………………….53
VALIDATING A BACKUP……………………………………………………………………..53
UNDERSTANDING VALIDATION OPTIONS……………………………………………………………..55
DEPLOYING YOUR IMAGE…………………………………………………………………….56
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ADVANCED CONFIGURATION OPTIONS…………….58
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS INI FILE…………………………………………………………………………58
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES…………………………………………………59
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS FILE PATH VARIABLES………………………………………………………59
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS AND WINDOWS SERVICES………………………………………………….59
RUNNING IMAGE FOR WINDOWS FROM THE COMMAND LINE……………….61
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS BACKUP OPTIONS……………………………………………………………68
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS RESTORE OPTIONS………………………………………………………….74
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS VALIDATE OPTIONS………………………………………………………….82
TROUBLESHOOTING…………………………………………………………………………….86
APPENDIX A: UNDERSTANDING THE TYPES OF BACKUPS……………………87
FILE-BASED BACKUP………………………………………………………………………87
SECTOR-BASED BACKUP………………………………………………………………….87
APPENDIX B: BACKUP STRATEGIES……………………………………………………..88
FULL BACKUPS……………………………………………………………….. .88
INCREMENTAL BACKUPS………………………………………………………………88
DIFFERENTIAL BACKUPS……………………………………………………………………89
APPENDIX C: INTRODUCTION TO HARD DRIVE STORAGE…………………….91
THE PHYSICAL HARD DRIVE……………………………………………………………..91
THE LOGICAL HARD DRIVE—HARD DRIVE DATA ORGANIZATION……………………………..91
APPENDIX D: SCHEDULING BACKUPS…………………………………………………..94
GLOSSARY……………………………………………………………………..97
WHAT IS SHAREWARE?………………………………………………………99
TERABYTE UNLIMITED (TRIAL-USE) LICENSE AGREEMENT…………………100
TERABYTE UNLIMITED (FULL-USE) LICENSE AGREEMENT………………….103
IMAGE FOR WINDOWS – ORDER FORM………………………………………………107

System Requirements

If you will be restoring outside of Windows, as most home users will, or you are running Windows 95/98/Me, your computer’s BIOS must provide access to the hard drive.
IBM-compatible personal computer (i386 or newer)
32-MB RAM
Recommended: External hard drive
Note: You can use a writable CD or DVD drive, but the external hard drive is the preferred method.
Any of the following operating systems:
Windows Vista *
Windows XP *
Windows 2003 *
Windows 2000 *
Windows NT *
Windows Millennium
Windows 98
Windows 95
* These operating systems require Administrator privileges

Data Storage Size Unit Conventions

Since Image for Windows and this document refer to data storage size units, this section provides clarification on the definitions we use. Storage device manufacturers typically define gigabytes (GB) in base decimal, where 1 GB = 1,000 MB = 109 bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes. Microsoft Windows, on the other hand, defines GB in base binary, where 1 GB = 1,024 MB = 230 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes.

Because of the confusion that can result when these different data storage size unit conventions are each referred to as “gigabytes”, the gibibyte (along with the kibibyte, mebibyte, etc.) was established in 1998 by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). A gibibyte (abbreviated GiB) is a base binary unit, so 1 GiB = 230 bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes. The IEC retained the term gigabyte to refer to base decimal, where 1 GB = 109 bytes = 1,000,000,000 bytes.

Image for Windows and this document will follow IEC recommendations, and will thus use the terms megabyte (MB), gigabyte (GB), etc. to refer to base decimal,
and mebibytes (MiB), gibibytes (GiB), etc. to refer to base binary. So, when you read about the data storage size convention used by Windows, the units will appear as mebibytes (MiB) or gibibytes (GiB), even though Windows itself refers to the units as megabytes (MB) or gigabytes (GB).

How Image for Windows Works

Image for Windows is a backup program that is designed to function in the Windows operating environment but can back up a hard disk containing any type of operating system. Image for Windows protects your system by creating a compressed or uncompressed “snapshot” of all used areas of your FAT, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2/3, or ReiserFS partition or volume. For other file systems, it saves and restores a compressed or uncompressed snapshot of all sectors in the partition or volume, both used and unused areas.

The snapshot backup created by Image for Windows is referred to as an image. You can write the image backup to a set of files that you store in a different partition of the hard drive you are backing up, on an external hard drive (the recommended approach), on a network drive, or directly to most USB 2, IEEE 1394, ATAPI CD- R/RW, or DVD/RW drives. Image for Windows can also work with drives that make use of ASPI drivers, if you provide the appropriate DOS-based driver.

When you create the image, Image for Windows backs up the file system and files up exactly as they are stored on the sectors of your hard drive at the time you make the backup, effectively taking a snapshot of your hard drive when you create the image. Image for Windows does not examine the files on your hard drive to make decisions about whether they should be backed up.

Note: See Appendix A for a description of file-based backups vs. sector-based backups. Appendix B describes the types of backup strategies you can use, and the strategy you choose plays an important role when you need to restore a backup.

When you create a backup using Image for Windows, you back up not only your data files but also the operating system, in its entirety. To understand the full impact of having an image backup, suppose that you install a program to test it and discover it is not what you expected. You attempt to uninstall it and it misbehaves. Before you know it, the fully functional, well-behaved computer you fondly remember from 30 minutes ago is gone, and, in its place, you now have a devil child that won’t even boot. If you restore an image backup taken before you installed the errant program, you effectively remove all traces of the program—your computer returns to the state it was in before you installed the errant program and life goes on as if the errant program never existed on your hard drive. To understand the technical details of how Image for Windows creates a sector-based image, see Appendix C, “Introduction to Hard Drive Storage.”

After backing up with Image for Windows, your computer is protected from crashes, data loss, hardware problems, and malicious software (i.e. viruses), since you can restore the snapshot image whenever necessary.

You can view individual files or folders from an image backup by using the free TBIView add-on which is included as part of the Image for Windows setup. You can also obtain TBIView from
www.terabyteunlimited.com/downloads-image-for- windows.htm
if you purchased a disk-based version of Image for Windows, you’ll find TBIView on your installation media. Please note that TBIView only runs under Windows.

When you are ready to restore a backup file, you typically don’t use Image for Windows because you cannot restore a Windows image while you work in that instance of Windows. So, instead, you can create an Image for DOS or an Image for Linux boot disc and then use either of those programs to restore your image. In both cases, when you boot your computer, you don’t boot to Windows, so your Windows installation is not in use and you can safely restore it.

Note: When you purchase Image for Windows, you automatically receive copies of Image for DOS and Image for Linux. If you download the trial version of Image for Windows, you can also download the trial versions of Image for DOS and Image for Linux.

You can easily create an Image for DOS or Image for Linux boot disc using the MakeDisk utility that comes with those programs; just follow the steps in the section, “Installing Image for DOS,” or “Installing Image for Linux,” on P. 13 of the respective manual.

The images you create using Image for Windows are fully compatible with the other TeraByte Unlimited imaging programs, such as Image for DOS and Image for Linux. For example, you can create an image using Image for Windows and restore it using Image for DOS. The reverse is also true: Images created by other TeraByte Unlimited imaging programs are compatible with Image for Windows.

Ways to Use Image for Windows

You can use Image for Windows in a variety of ways: * Local Usage: You can make a backup with Image for Windows and the free add-on PHYLock that comes with Image for Windows. You can store the backup on a secondary hard drive partition, on an external hard drive, or on a CD’s or DVD’s. Then, when you need to restore, boot from a floppy diskette or bootable CD/DVD disc that has Image for DOS installed on it, and use Image for DOS to perform the restore operation.
* Across a Network: You can use Image for Windows to create an image file to a mapped network drive or UNC path. Using Image for DOS (after creating a network-capable DOS boot disc or diskette) or Image for Linux, you also can restore an image file from a mapped or mounted network drive. You can use push technology (not included) to automatically start the backup or restore across a network. You can also use Image for Windows from the Windows PE Environment (see below) to restore from a network path.

* In the Windows PE Environment: You can use the free Bart PE with an Image for Windows plug-in to build a bootable Windows CD that also contains Image for Windows. When you boot your computer using this CD, you boot to a Windows pre-environment state, where you can use Image for Windows to back up or restore your backup.

Image for Windows Quick Start

In this section, you’ll find a general overview of the major processes Image for Windows can perform: backing up, restoring, and validating an existing backup image. Each of these processes is described in detail, including pictures, later in this manual.

To make a full back up a drive or partition using Image for Windows, follow these steps:

Note: For detailed steps on creating a full backup, see the section, “Creating Backups with Image for Windows.

1. Create a boot disk that contains Image for Windows using either the Make Disk utility that comes with Image for Windows or using an alternative method.

* To read about creating an Image for Windows boot disk using the Make Disk utility, see the section, “Installing Image for Windows (Windows Only).

* To read about other ways to create an Image for Windows boot disk, see the section, “Installing Image for Windows Manually (All Platforms)”.

2. Boot the computer that you want to back up using the Image for Windows boot disk.

3. Using the Image for Windows menus, select a drive or partition to back up.

* For details on using the Image for Windows menus, see the section, “Navigating the Image for Windows Interface.”

4. Select the target location where you want to store the backup image file(s).

5. Provide a name for the backup image file.

6. Set backup options.

* For details on available backup options, see the section, “Understanding Backup Options.”

You can make a differential backup using the same steps; you simply select the Changes Only option on the Image for Windows menus instead of the Full Backup option. For details on backup strategies—that is, deciding whether to make full backups or use a combination of full backups and differential backups—see Appendix B. For details on creating a differential backup, see the section, “Creating a Differential Backup.”

You can restore an Image for Windows backup using these steps:

Note: For detailed steps to restore a backup, see the section, “Using Image for Windows to Restore a Backup.”

1. Boot your computer using the Image for Windows boot disk.

2. On the Image for Windows main menu, select Restore.

3. Select the source location that contains the backup image file that you want to restore.

4. Select the backup image file you want to restore.

5. Select the target location that you want Image for Windows to overwrite with the information contained in the backup image file.

6. Set restore options.

* For details on available restore options when you are restoring an entire drive, see the section, “Understanding Restore Options for an Entire Drive.”

* For details on available restore options when you are restoring an individual partition, see the section, “Understanding Restore Options for an Individual Partition.”

Valadating a Backup

You can validate a backup as you create it or, if you don’t have time to validate it when you create it, you validate it later. Follow these steps:
Note: For detailed steps to validate a backup, see the section, “Validating Backups with Image for Windows.”

1. Boot your computer using the Image for Windows boot disk.

2. On the Image for Windows main menu, select Validate.

3. Select the source location that contains the backup image file that you want to validate.

4. Select the backup image file you want to validate.

5. Set validation options.
* For details on available validation options, see the section, “Understanding Validation Options.”

Obtaining Image for Windows

You can download either the unregistered trial version, or the registered version of Image for Windows:
* If you have not purchased Image for Windows, click here to download the unregistered trial version.
* If you have purchased Image for Windows, click here to display a product download form for obtaining the registered version. You will need to provide your name, email address, and Image for Windows order number.

Note: If you use the trial version of Image for Windows to make a backup, you will be able to restore that image for 30 days. After that time, you will only be able to restore that image using a registered version of Image for DOS, Image for Linux, or Image for Windows.

If you are currently using an older version of Image for Windows, you do not need to uninstall it before installing Image for Windows 2.0. In fact, you may want to keep your older version for awhile. Image for Windows 2.0 can restore only those backups you create using Image for Windows 2.0; to restore backups you made using older versions of Image for Windows, you need those versions. You should update older versions to Image for Windows 1.7c so that your older version will be compatible with the version of PHYLock installed by Version 2.0.

Installing Image for Windows

You install Image for Windows the same way you install most Windows programs.
1. Extract the contents of the Image for Windows ZIP archive file to a folder of your choice.
Note: If you are using a version of Windows that has a built-in compressed folders feature (e.g. Windows Me or Windows XP), you can double click the ZIP file and then use the Extract all files link shown in the left pane of Windows Explorer to extract the contents.
2. Double-click SETUP.EXE. The Setup - Image for Windows (V2) Welcome window appears.
3. Click Next. The License Agreement window appears. Read the Image for Windows license agreement, and if you accept it, select the “I accept the agreement” option button.
4. Click Next. The Select Destination Location window appears. To change the default folder where Image for Windows will be installed, click Browse and navigate to the appropriate folder. Otherwise, continue to Step 5.
5. Click Next. The Select Components window appears. The optional components include:
• PHYLock, a free add-on that enables Image for Windows to create a consistent, reliable backup of a partition or volume that is in use—also called an unlocked partition or volume. We recommend that you install PHYLock.
• TBIView, a free add-on that allows you to view and extract individual files from image backups you’ve created.
• TBICD2HD, a free command line utility that allows you to copy TeraByte image files that were directly burned to optical discs to your hard drive.
• Image for DOS, a standalone backup and restore utility that allows you to restore your Windows partition. If you choose the “Image for DOS Recovery Disk” component, you will be able to create a bootable floppy diskette, CD/DVD disc, USB flash drive, or ISO file that can be used to run Image for DOS. Please note that every purchase of Image for Windows also includes Image for DOS at no additional charge.
6. Click Next, and the Select Start Menu Folder window appears. You can click Browse to change the Start Menu Folder or you can accept the default.
7. Click Next, and the Select Additional Tasks window appears. Check the appropriate boxes to create Desktop and/or Quick Launch toolbar icons. The following Optional Tasks appear:
• Add PHYLock Setup to Program Group – This option simply adds a shortcut to the Image for Windows menu (under the Start menu) that will allow you to uninstall/reinstall PHYLock in the future. If you selected the PHYLock option in step 5, it will be installed regardless of what you select here.
• Run TBIView Setup Wizard – If this option is checked, the TBIView setup routine runs interactively. (That is, it allows you to select the installation and Start menu folders, and shows you the installation progress.) If you leave this option unchecked, TBIView setup will run silently in the background instead (provided you opted to install TBIView in step 5).
• Copy TBICD2HD to Windows Folder – This option simply copies the TBICD2HD program to your Windows folder. Since the Windows folder is in the system path by default, having TBICD2HD there allows you to run it from a command line no matter what the current directory is.
• Create Image for DOS Recovery Disk – This option runs the MakeDisk utility that allows you to create a bootable Image for DOS floppy diskette, CD/DVD, or ISO image. If you don’t check this option, MakeDisk will not run, but the Image for DOS recovery disk files will still be installed, if you selected the applicable option in step 5.
8. Click Next, and the Ready to Install window appears, summarizing your choices.
9. Click Install, and the Installing window appears. A progress bar will appear to show installation progress. When installation completes, the final window of the Image for Windows Installation Wizard appears.
10. Since installation won’t be complete until you restart your computer, we recommend that you click the “Yes, restart the computer now” option and click Finish.

• If you opt not to install PHYLock, or if you already had the latest version of PHYLock installed when setup was run, no reboot will be necessary (and you won’t be prompted to do so).

Formulating a Backup Plan

Before you create your first backup with Image for Windows, we suggest that you formulate a backup plan. There are very few rules to follow; please consider the following ideas to help you create a backup that will help you easily recover from a disaster. For more information on backup strategies, see Appendix B.

Consider the Destination for Your Backup
Suppose that you will be backing up around 30-GB of data. In this case, you probably will not want to store the backup on a set of CD-R/RW discs, since the resulting backup will likely require 20 discs or more (based on an expected compression ratio of 40-60%). A better option in this case would be:
* Backup directly to a set of DVD discs.
* Backup to an alternate hard drive partition (and perhaps use the free add-on utility BINGBURN later to burn the backup to a set of DVD discs).
* Backup to an external hard drive—the recommended alternative.

Plan your Backup with a Restore Strategy in Mind
As obvious as it sounds, we need to say it: Backing up isn’t truly helpful unless you can restore the backup. So, plan not only your backup strategy but you’re your restore strategy.

Regardless of whether you store your backup on a set of CD/DVD discs, an alternate hard drive partition, or an external hard drive, you can restore by booting your computer using a boot disc you create using either Image for DOS or Image for Linux. That boot disc automatically contains a copy of Image for DOS/Image for Linux that you can use to restore your Image for Windows backup.

If you prefer, you can use the free Bart PE with an Image for Windows plug-in to build a bootable Windows CD/DVD that also contains Image for Windows. When you boot your computer using this CD/DVD, you boot to a Windows pre- environment state, where you can use Image for Windows to restore your backup.

Using either approach, your Image product can recognize USB, USB2, IEEE 1394, and ATAPI devices where you have stored backup files without any interference on your part. Note: Image can also recognize ASPI devices if you provide the ASPI driver.

Strike Your Own Balance between Convenience and Resiliency
Consider these simple ideas:
* Save your backups directly to an alternate hard drive partition or external hard drive, and then use the free utility BINGBURN to burn a secondary copy of the backup to a set of CD/DVD discs. Then, if you need to restore, you can quickly and conveniently use the backup stored on the hard drive. But, if things really go wrong and the primary copy of the backup isn’t available, you can fall back on the copy of the backup that you saved on CD/DVD discs.
* Don’t get rid of an existing set of backup discs when you create a new set.
Instead, keep two or more sets of backup discs. That way, you can fall back to an older backup if something should go wrong with the newest backup.
* If you are using multiple sets of backup CD/DVD discs, keep the newest set offsite, to guard against physical damage.

Creating Backups with Image for Windows

When you create a backup, you can create either a full backup or a differential backup. A full backup is exactly what it sounds like—Image for Windows backs up your entire hard disk. A differential backup works in conjunction with a full backup— you create a full backup the first time and then create differential backups, which contain only changes, for subsequent backups. A differential backup will, initially, be smaller than a full backup but, as you make changes on your hard drive, the size of the differential backup will grow over time. And, because Image for Windows is a sector-based backup, the smaller file size may not be as small as you expect.

Before you make the decision concerning the type of backup you want to create, read Appendix B for a detailed explanation of full backups and differential backups.

Creating a Full Backup

You walk through a series of windows to create a full backup. If you are backing up to CD/DVD discs, be aware that Image for Windows can automatically overwrite CD-RW, and DVD+RW media. However, if you wish to use DVD-RW media, it must be fully formatted, fully blanked, or brand new before being used. To fully blank the DVD-RW media, use your burning software’s “full erase” function. (The “quick erase” function will not work for this purpose.)

Follow these steps to create a full backup:

1. Double-click the Image for Windows icon on your desktop or launch the program from its program group on the Start menu. If you downloaded a trial version, a reminder message appears. You can click OK to continue evaluating, click Enter Key to record your registration key, or click Buy Now! to purchase Image for Windows.

2. On the Image for Windows Welcome window, select Backup (Full).

3. You can click the Settings button to display settings you can establish for the Image for Windows program. In the section “Understanding Options” immediately following these steps, you’ll find details on the purpose of each setting. Click OK to redisplay the Image for Windows Welcome window shown previously.

4. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the hard drive or partition you want to back up.
Note: You can select a drive or partition and click the Information button to view the number of MiB used, free, and needed to restore.

5. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the location where you want to save the backup file.
Caution: Do not save your image to the same partition you are backing up.

Note: If you want to store the backup image on a USB device that Image for Windows doesn’t display, select Windows File. As long as Windows recognizes the device, you will be able to select it in the next window.

6. Click Next. The window that appears next depends on the target you chose in Step 5. If you selected a device, Image for Windows displays a window that suggests the name BACKUP.TBI. You can change the file name, but we suggest that you adhere to DOS naming conventions and use a file name that does not exceed eight characters. You don’t need to include either the drive letter or the file name extension.

If you selected Windows File in Step 5, the window shown below appears.
Enter a target name for the image file in the Filename box at the bottom of the window. At the top of the window, open the list of drives and select the external drive on which Image for Windows should save the backup file. If you want to store the backup on a network drive, you can click the Windows Browse button to navigate to the drive. You can use UNC paths.

7. Click Next. In the window that appears, set the options you want Image for Windows to use during the backup. See the section below, “Setting Backup Options,” for an explanation of each option.

8. If you are backing up to CD/DVD discs, insert a blank disc.

9. Click Finish. The imaging process begins, and a progress bar appears on- screen. You can interrupt the backup and validation operations at any time by clicking Cancel or pressing the Esc key. Image for Windows will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel before it interrupts the current operation.
When Image for Windows finishes, a window appears to inform you that Image for Windows created the backup successfully. You can click Close.
Note: If a) Image for Windows reports that it cannot obtain a lock and directs you to consider using PHYLock and b) PHYLock is already installed, read this article and follow the instructions in it:

http://www.terabyteunlimited.com/kb/idx.php/0/338/

Understanding Options

You can set program options for Image for Windows as well as options you want in effect during the backup.

Setting Image for Windows Program Options

The options you can set for Image for Windows and for PHYLock are really one- time settings. That is, review them and make changes only if necessary. Once you establish a set of options that work for you, you don’t need to make changes each time you run Image for Windows.

Use Volume Label – If you enable this option, Image for Windows will assign the volume label instead of the name in the MPT to FAT/FAT32/NTFS/HPFS partition names, regardless of whether an EMBR exists.

Disable Cancel – Check this box to disable the Cancel button while Image for Windows backs up, restores, or validates.

No Service Control – Check this box to have Image for Windows ignore the services.ins file. See the section, “Customizing Image for Windows” for details on using the services.ins file to let Image for Windows control the services running under Windows.

Log File – Enter a path for the log file to be maintained by Image for Windows, including the file name. Don’t add quotes. If you leave this blank, the default log file is IFW.LOG in the same folder where imagew.exe resides (which by default is “C:\Program Files\TeraByte Unlimited\Image for Windows\V2”). Logging can be enabled or disabled using the “Save Log” option (please refer to the “Setting Backup Options” section below).

PHYLock is an optional software component for Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 that enables Image for Windows to create a consistent, reliable backup of a partition or volume that is in use based on a point in time. To back up a Windows partition while you are using that partition, you need to use PHYLock.

Note: Image for Windows attempts to pick a “clean” point in time. Like all backup software packages that back up a partition or volume that is in use, Image for Windows cannot guarantee that all programs, internal caches, and other processes are in a clean state.

If you don’t enable any of the options listed below, then Image for Windows will use PHYLock if you installed it.

Disable Usage – Check this box if you do not want to use PHYLock, even if you installed it.

Use If Locking Fails – Check this box to have Image for Windows use PHYLock if Image for Windows cannot obtain a normal lock on the partition you are trying to back up.

Use and Release Lock – Check this box to have Image for Windows attempt a normal lock and then use PHYLock even if Image for Windows obtained the lock. If Image for Windows obtained a normal lock, Image for Windows releases the lock after enabling PHYLock.

Volume Flush – Check this box to have Image for Windows attempt to force Windows to clear the volume’s cache buffers. You can’t hurt anything if you check this box.

Use Disk Storage – Check this box to have PHYLock use hard disk storage in addition to memory, up to the limit specified in the Size setting. Note that even if you check this box, PHYLock may sometimes run in RAM mode.

Write Free Time (ms) – In this box, type the amount of time, in milliseconds, that must pass before PHYLock becomes enabled. During this time, you cannot update the backup source partition contents. You should try to keep the value above 1250; the default value is 4250.

Max Wait Time (M) – In this box, type the maximum amount of time, in minutes, that you want PHYLock to wait for the Write Free Time to occur before forcing the backup to start. Make sure you type an amount other than zero; if you type 0, PHYLock waits indefinitely

RAM Cache Size (KB) – In this box, type the size of the internal cache, in kilobytes, you want PHYLock to use to maintain the data consistency. The default value is 8192 (8192 KB / 1024 = 8 MB). You should not use a value below 2048 for this setting, even if you enabled the Use Disk Storage setting.

If you back up an NTFS partition and you don’t check the Use Disk Storage box, then you need to weigh the value of the RAM Cache Size (KB) setting against the size of the NTFS log. You should keep the value of the RAM Cache Size above the size of the NTFS log by increasing the RAM Cache Size value, reducing the size of the NTFS log, or both.

You can check the size of the NTFS log file using the command line
CHKDSK : /L
The same command line will show you the default NTFS log size for the volume in question. You can change the size of the NTFS log using
CHKDSK : /L:
Do not set the size of the NTFS log to a value lower than 4096 KB. If you make the NTFS log too small, your computer may experience performance degradation or it may fail to boot.

Disk Cache Size (MB) – In this box, type the amount of hard disk space Image for Windows should allocate to PHYLock when you also check the Use Disk Storage box.

Memory – Use this option to control the amount of memory PHYLock allocates to additional buffers. If an error appears, saying that PHYLock failed to cache changes, try increasing this setting.

Setting Backup Options

You can set the same options when backing up in Image for Windows whether you are backing up a partition or an entire drive.

Validate – If you select this option, Image for Windows will perform internal consistency checks on the backup file(s) after creating them. Enabling this option increases the overall processing time, but can help ensure that the backup is reliable.

Validate Byte-for-Byte – If you select this option, Image for Windows will verify that every byte in the source data was backed up correctly, ensuring 100% accuracy. This option generally doubles the processing time of the overall backup operation, but is advisable to use where maximum reliability is required. You can but do not need to select the Validate option if you select the Validate Byte-for- Byte option.

Encrypt Data – If you select this option, Image for Windows will encrypt the backup file(s) with 256-bit AES encryption prior to saving them to the target medium. If you select the Encrypt Data option, you must also supply a password in the Password text boxes. Enter the password in the first Password text box and retype it in the second Password text box for verification.
Note: If you create a backup with the Encrypt Data option, you will be required to supply the password whenever you wish to validate the backup, restore it, or open it in TBIView. If you lose and/or forget the password, you won’t be able to open or restore from the backup. TeraByte Unlimited has no way of recovering data from an encrypted backup with an unknown password.

If the Encrypt Data setting is not enabled, the Password text boxes have no effect and may be left blank.
The maximum password length is 128 characters. Passwords are case sensitive and may contain upper-case letters, lower-case letters, numbers, special characters, spaces, and non-ASCII characters.

Backup Unused Sectors – By default, if the file system(s) you are backing up are one of the recognized types (i.e. FAT, FAT32, NTFS, Ext2/3, or ReiserFS), Image for Windows will backup only used sectors. If you select this option, Image for Windows will include all used and unused sectors in the backup. This option has no effect on partitions that do not contain a recognized file system; such partitions will always be backed up in full, regardless of this setting.

Omit Page File Data – If you select this option and the PAGEFILE.SYS file resides in the root directory of the source partition, Image for Windows will not back up PAGEFILE.SYS. If PAGEFILE.SYS resides anywhere else on the source partition other than the root directory, Image for Windows will back it up, regardless of this setting.

Omit Hibernation Data – If you select option and the HIBERFIL.SYS file resides in the root directory of the source partition, Image for Windows will not back up HIBERFIL.SYS. If HIBERFIL.SYS resides anywhere else on the source partition other than the root directory, Image for Windows will back it up, regardless of this setting.

Ignore IO Errors – This option only affects how Image for Windows handles bad sectors on the source drive, and it applies to both the backup phase and the validation phase of the backup operation. Normally, if Image for Windows encounters a bad sector on a source partition during a backup operation, it will abort with an error. If you select this option, Image for Windows will ignore the error and continue. Generally, you should select this option only if you need to backup a source partition on a drive you know contains bad sectors. On some systems, if you select this setting and Image for Windows encounters bad sectors, there will be a significant delay as the internal retry/recovery routine of the drive attempts to handle the bad sector(s). In addition, some systems may hang if the BIOS option is used to access the source drive. In such cases, try using the BIOS (Direct) option instead.

Save Log – Select this option to make Image for Windows log the date and time it completes the backup operation. Image for Windows saves the log as IFD.LOG in the IMAGE.EXE program directory. To be able to save IFD.LOG, Image for Windows must be running from a writable medium such as a non-write-protected floppy diskette.

Compression – Select Standard to compress the backup files that Image for Windows creates. Typically, if you select Standard, Image for Windows produces smaller image files but takes longer to back up. If you select None, Image for Windows creates your backup more quickly but produces larger image file(s). The
attainable compression ratio depends on a number of factors, including the number, size, and content of the files on the source partition and the level of file fragmentation on the source partition. Typically, Image for Windows compresses backup files 40% - 60%. However, if the source partition primarily contains files that do not compress well, such as media files like MP3, JPG, and AVI, or archive files like 7Z, RAR, and ZIP, the compression ratio will be much lower.

File Size – This option appears only when saving images to hard drives. Select this option to choose the maximum size of the image files created by Image for Windows. The available options are:
* Max – Automatically creates the largest file(s) allowed by the file system in use on the target medium. For example, the largest files that may reside on FAT, FAT32, and NTFS partitions are 2 GiB, 4 GiB, and (just under) 16 TiB, respectively.
* 4 GiB – Useful for FAT32 compatibility.
* 2 GiB – Useful for FAT compatibility.
* 698 MiB – Useful if the image file(s) will later be burned to 700-MiB CD disc(s).
* 648 MiB – Useful if the image file(s) will later be burned to 650-MiB CD disc(s).

Description – You can use this text box to assign descriptive text to individual backups. The description you enter will be visible in the file list that appears when you are preparing to restore or validate a backup. You view the description by selecting the backup and pressing F1.

Save Defaults – Click this button to save the settings you establish. In the future, Image for Windows will display these settings automatically.

Show Command – Click this button to display the information you would type at a command prompt to start a backup with the options you selected as you displayed the various windows in Image for Windows. You can use this information to create a batch file that runs Image for Windows unattended. For details on using Image for Windows from a command prompt, see the section, “Running Image for Windows from the Command Line.”

Schedule Backup – Click this button to create a task in the Windows Task Scheduler, with a command line that corresponds to the current backup operation.
Please refer to Appendix D, “Scheduling Backups” for more information.

When saving images to removable media such as CD/DVD discs, the following additional options appear:

No Eject – This option prevents Image for Windows from automatically ejecting the removable media. If you don’t select this option, Image for Windows will eject the media (e.g. open the optical drive tray) whenever new media is needed, and at the completion of the backup operation.

Validate Disc – If this option is enabled, Image for Windows will validate each disc after it is written to ensure the disc is readable. If it is not, the individual disc can be written again without having to restart the entire backup.

Limit Usage – This option instructs Image for Windows to leave the last 10% of each disc unused to help prevent data errors that are more common near the edges of discs.

Maximum CD/DVD burning speed drop-down list: Use this setting to specify the maximum disc writing speed that Image for Windows will use when burning a CD or DVD disc and force a lower writing speed than that automatically used by the optical drive’s firmware. Slower writing speeds may increase reliability.

The maximum writing speed that Image for Windows actually uses is determined by whichever is lower: The setting you select here or the speed deemed appropriate by the drive’s firmware, according to the CD/DVD media in use. For example, if you are using media that is rated at 8X for burning, the maximum writing speed will be no more than 8X, regardless of the setting you choose here. Similarly, if you supply a value that is beyond or invalid for the drive’s design limits, the drive will automatically use the next-highest speed supported by both the drive and the media in use.

DVD speeds are approximately 1/8 CD speeds, therefore a maximum burning speed of 32X for a CD disc corresponds to 4X for a DVD disc, 16X for a CD corresponds to 2X for a DVD, and so on.

Creating a Differential Backup

When you create a differential backup, Image for Windows compares the condition of the source partition or hard drive to a full backup you identify to determine what changes have occurred on the source partition or hard drive since you created the full backup. A differential backup contains only the changed sectors. For details on differential backups, see Appendix B.

The process for creating a differential backup is very similar to the process for creating a full backup, and you set many of the same options during both processes. When you analyze the steps you take, you’ll notice the following differences:
* When you create a full backup, you identify the source drive you want to back up.
* When you create a differential backup, you identify the full backup Image for Windows should reference when creating the differential backup.

1. Double-click the Image for Windows icon on your desktop or launch the program from its program group on the Start menu.
2. In the window that appears, select Backup (Changes Only).
3. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the location where you stored the full backup file. If you stored the backup image on a USB device that Image for Windows doesn’t display, select Windows File. As long as Windows recognizes the device, you will be able to select it in the next window.
4. Click Next. The screen that appears next depends on the choice you made in Step 3. If you selected a device instead of Windows File, Image for Windows displays a window where you can select the name of the full backup.
If you selected Windows File in Step 3, the window shown below appears. At the top of the window, open the list of drives and select the drive containing the backup file. If you stored the backup on a network drive, you can click the Windows Browse button to navigate to the drive.
After selecting a drive, select the backup file so that its name appears in the Filename box at the bottom of the window.
5. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the location to save the differential backup file. You can select a CD/DVD drive, an external hard drive, or a partition other than the one you are backing up. If you want to store the differential backup on a USB device that Image for Windows doesn’t display, select Windows File.
Note: You do not need to store files from a differential backup in the same location where you store full backup files. When you restore a differential backup, Image for Windows will prompt you for locations for both the full backup files and the differential backup files.
6. Click Next. In the window that appears, type a name for the differential backup file. We suggest that you adhere to DOS naming conventions and use a file name that does not exceed eight characters. You don’t need to include either the drive letter or the file name extension. If you selected Windows File in Step 5, a window very similar to the one shown in Step 4 appears. At the top of the window, open the list of drives and select the drive where you want to store the differential backup file. If you want to store the file on a network drive, you can click the Windows Browse button to navigate to the drive.
7. On the Backup Options screen that appears, select the options you want to use. See the next section, “Understanding Options,” for an explanation of each option.
8. If you are backing up to CD/DVD discs, insert a blank disc.
9. Click Finish. The imaging process begins, and a progress bar appears on- screen. You can interrupt the backup and validation operations at any time by clicking Cancel or pressing the Esc key. Image for Windows will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel before it interrupts the current operation.
When Image for Windows finishes, a window appears to inform you that Image for Windows created the backup successfully. You can click Close.

Restoring an Image File

You can’t restore an image to a partition or drive that is in use by your computer. That is, you cannot boot to a copy of Windows and then restore an image over that copy of Windows.

You can deal with this situation in one of two ways:
* You can use Image for DOS or Image for Linux to restore an image to a Windows partition, or
Note: When you purchase Image for Windows, you automatically receive copies of Image for DOS and Image for Linux.
* You can use the free Bart PE with an Image for Windows plug-in to build a bootable Windows CD that also contains Image for Windows. When you boot your computer using this CD, you boot to a Windows pre-environment state, where you can use Image for Windows to restore your backup.

In the sections that follow, you find information on creating an Image for DOS boot disc and using it to restore a backup. Using Image for Linux is very similar, so, if you prefer Linux, you can create an Image for Linux boot disc and use it to restore. For more information on either product, see their respective manuals.
The information about using Image for Windows to restore an image follows the information about using Image for DOS. So, read the section appropriate to your situation.

Before you dive into restoring an image, consider the size of the target location where you plan restore the image. The target must be large enough to accommodate the data from the source partition. The minimum amount of space Image needs to restore an image in the target location equals the amount of space encompassed from the beginning of the source partition to the last used area of the source partition. For example, suppose that the source partition had 2 GB of data and the last part of that data ended 15 GB from the beginning of the source partition. In this case, the target area needs to be at least 15 GB in size, regardless of the overall size of the source partition.

If the target is larger than the source partition, there will be an area of free space left over unless you perform the restore via command line using the X parameter as explained later in this manual.

Also, please remember the following.
* If your computer contains more than one CD/DVD drive and you are restoring using Image for DOS, please make sure that you insert your Image for DOS bootable disc in one CD/DVD drive and no other CD/DVD drive contains a bootable disc.
* Since the hard drive order during the boot process may be different than it is while Windows is running, you may need to press a key when prompted to access the Image for DOS menu that will allow you to select the appropriate drive from which to restore.

Restoring a Backup with Image for DOS

You run Image for DOS by creating a bootable floppy diskette or CD/DVD disc that contains the Image for DOS program. Then, you simply boot the computer you want to back up with that disc or diskette, and Image for DOS automatically starts.

In Windows, you can create a bootable Image for DOS disc or diskette using the MakeDisk utility, which is included in the Image for DOS ZIP archive file. Follow these steps to use the MakeDisk utility to create a bootable Image for DOS disc or diskette:

1. Extract the contents of the Image for DOS ZIP archive file to a folder of your choice.
Note: If you are using a version of Windows that has a built-in compressed folders feature (e.g. Windows Me or Windows XP), you can double click the ZIP file and then open the File menu and choose Extract all files in Windows Explorer to extract the contents

2. Double-click MAKEDISK.EXE. The MakeDisk welcome screen appears.

3. Click Next on the MakeDisk welcome screen. The License Agreement screen appears.

4. Read the Image for DOS license agreement, and if you accept it, select the “I accept the agreement” button and click Next. The Select Options screen appears.

5. If appropriate, check these boxes.
* ATAPI DMA (PATA) – If your PATA CD/DVD drive supports ATAPI DMA, enabling this option dramatically speeds up reading-from and writing-to the CD/DVD drive. This option will not work with some drives; therefore, if you enable this option and have problems using your CD/DVD drive with Image for DOS, create a new boot disk and leave the option disabled.
* Disable SATA – Image for DOS includes low level support for SATA when the SATA controller is configured in ACHI mode. A problem can occur when Image for DOS takes control of the SATA drives and the BIOSes doesn’t provide the information that allows Image for DOS to match which drive is which. In that case Image for DOS may default to using the BIOS drive which can cause the system to hang until the BIOS returns control (if ever). If you experience hangs and/or the inability to access a hard drive without an error message then create a new boot disk with the Disable SATA checkbox checked.
* Disable SATA Bias – Because some systems have no support whatsoever to match BIOS and SATA drives (see paragraph above), Image for DOS employs a special matching routine to try and determine which drive is which. In some cases this can cause Image for DOS to match a BIOS drive to SATA when it shouldn’t. If you experience such an issue, create a new boot disk with the Disable SATA Bias checkbox checked.
* Sequential Volume Numbering – For the volumes inside an extended partition (not the main partition), checking the Sequence Volume Numbering option will assign ID numbers based on the order of the volumes within the extended partition. If you don’t check this box, the ID numbers assigned to volumes inside an extended partition might be random. You cannot get in trouble if you check this box.
* USB 1.1 (UHCI) – If you need USB 1.1 (UHCI) support for older systems that don’t support USB 2.0, enable this option. In addition, some new systems require this option or the USB port will hang and no USB devices will be detected. USB 2.0 support is always enabled regardless of this option.

6. Click Next, and the Additional IFD.INI Options screen appears. Most of the options needed to use Image for DOS are set for you by default, but you can use this screen to set additional options. For example, you might want to use the TimeZone variable to identify your time zone for Image for DOS, as shown in the figure. For a complete list of available environment variables, see the section, “Image for DOS Environment Variables.”

7. Click Next, and the License Key screen appears. If you own a licensed copy of Image for DOS, supply your serial number.

8. Click Next, and the “Select Target” screen appears. Choose the target that MakeDisk should use to create the bootable Image for DOS media.

You can create a bootable USB flash drive with MakeDisk as long as the USB flash drive is smaller than 2 GB.
* If you choose the “ISO File” option, also supply an ISO file name in the box provided.
* If you choose the “3 ½ Floppy” option, be sure to insert a floppy diskette before proceeding. The entire contents of this floppy diskette will be overwritten.
* If you choose the “CD/DVD” option, be sure to insert a writable CD or DVD disc before proceeding. The entire contents of this disc will be overwritten.

MakeDisk can automatically overwrite CD-RW, and DVD+RW media. However, if you wish to use DVD-RW media, it must be either brand new or fully blanked before being processed by MakeDisk. To fully blank the DVD-RW media, use your burning software’s “full erase” function. (The “quick erase” function will not work for this purpose.)

9. Click Finish, and respond to subsequent prompts as necessary. MakeDisk will then create your bootable media or ISO image. When it is done, the Success screen appears, as shown below.

10. Click Close on the MakeDisk Success screen.
* If you selected the “3½ Floppy” or “CD/DVD” option in Step 8, you can now use that media to boot and run Image for DOS.
* If you selected the “ISO File” option in Step 6, you will have to use other CD/DVD authoring software to create a bootable disc from the ISO file.

Navigating the Image for DOS Interface

After you boot your computer with your Image for DOS boot disc or diskette, the main menu of Image for DOS appears.
To select menu items in Image for DOS, use the arrow keys to select the desired option and then press Enter to display the next screen. The Restore From and the Restore Options screens contain sections of options; some of the options on the Restore Options screen can be toggled on or off. Use the Tab key to move from section to section. For options that you can toggle on and off, highlight the option using the arrow keys and then use the space bar to toggle the option on or off, as desired.

Image for DOS also makes wide use of accelerator keys. An accelerator key is an individual letter that can be pressed (or pressed in combination with the Alt key) to select an option or a menu item. In Image for DOS, accelerator keys are highlighted in yellow.

How you use an accelerator key depends on the current location of the cursor; if it is in the same section of the screen as the desired accelerator key, simply press the applicable letter (i.e. the letter highlighted in yellow). If the cursor is in any other section, press and hold the Alt key, and then press the applicable letter.

You can use the Esc key to move back to the previous menu. If you use the Esc key in this manner, Image for DOS remembers the selections you have already made throughout the Image for DOS session, in the event that you return to the same screen.

Restoring the Backup

Insert your Image for DOS boot disk into the appropriate drive and boot your computer. Then, follow these steps:

1. On the Image for DOS Main Menu, select Restore.

2. From the Restore From/Select File Access Method screen that appears, select between the following options, which refer to the location where Image for DOS should look for the backup file you want to restore:
* File (Direct) – This option allows you to look for image file(s) in a folder on a hard drive that does not have a drive letter assigned to it by DOS.
* File (CD/DVD) – This option allows you to look for image file(s) on a CD or DVD disc.

3. On the Restore From/Select Drive Interface screen that appears, select one of the following options. These options refer to how Image for DOS should attempt to access the hard drive or CD/DVD drive where your image is stored:
If you chose File (Direct) in Step 2, you can choose one of the following options:
* BIOS – Locates and accesses drives using the system BIOS. Please note that any problems or limitations inherent to the system BIOS will apply.
* BIOS (Direct) – Attempts to locate the hard drive using the system BIOS, but then attempts to access it directly, bypassing the BIOS. This can sometimes be helpful in cases where performance with the BIOS option is very poor. In order to get the most out of this option when creating an image, you should select a file (direct)—rather than file (os)—as the target for saving the image.
Use BIOS (direct) when you are going to be accessing SATA hard drives and CD/DVD drives or using the BIOS (direct) option anywhere.
* USB – Examines the attached USB controller, if any, for available hard drives.
* IEEE1394 – Examines the attached IEEE 1394 controller, if any, for available hard drives.

If you chose File (CD/DVD) in Step 2, you can choose one of the following options:
* ATAPI – Select this option if your CD/DVD drive is an ATAPI device, and none of the other selections apply. This is the most common option.
* ASPI – Select this option if your CD/DVD drive will be accessed using an ASPI layer. (You must supply the ASPI driver for this option to work.)
* USB2 – Select this option if your CD/DVD drive is attached to a USB 2 controller.
* IEEE1394 – Select this option if your CD/DVD drive is attached to an IEEE 1394 controller.
If your USB device does not appear at first, please try pressing the Esc key, waiting a few seconds, and selecting the USB or USB2 option again.

4. Either the Restore From/Select File Drive shown in the figure or the Restore From/Select Target Drive screen appears, depending on whether you are restoring from a hard drive or from CD/DVD discs. Select the target CD/DVD drive or hard drive.
Note: If you select a hard drive, the Restore From/Select File Location on HD screen appears. You can select a partition on the hard drive if it contains partitions; otherwise, press Enter.

5. On the Restore From/File Name screen that appears, navigate to and select the backup file you want to restore. If you select a file stored on a hard drive, select either the entire drive or a partition to restore. The options you can set in Step 8 change, depending on your choice here.
Note: If you select a differential backup to restore, you will be prompted to select the related full backup file and you will have the option to restore in a single pass or in multiple passes. If you stored your backup on CD/DVD’s, select the Multi Pass option.

6. On the Restore To/Select Drive Interface screen that appears, select the access method you wish to use for the source hard drive. The choices on this screen are the same as the choices described under Step 3 if you chose File (Direct).

7. On the Restore To/Select Target Drive screen that appears, select the hard drive onto which you want to restore the image you selected in Step 5. Then, select the partition on that drive. The partition you select will be deleted before Image for DOS restores the image.

8. On the Restore Options screen that appears, select the options you want to use while restoring. For an explanation of each option, see the next two sections, “Image for DOS Restore Options for an Entire Drive” and “Image for DOS Restore Options for an Individual Partition.”

9. When you select Finish, the restore process begins immediately if you selected the entire drive as the target destination in Step 7. If, in Step 7, you selected an existing partition, Image for DOS prompts you to confirm that you want to overwrite the data in that partition. During the restore process, a progress bar appears on-screen. A message appears when Image for DOS finishes.
After you press Enter, the main menu for Image for DOS reappears. Select Exit and, when prompted, remove the Image for DOS boot disk and press Enter to reboot your computer.
Note: Until you reboot, the operating system reflects the contents of the drive/partition and file system in the state they were before you restored. Not rebooting can cause data corruption. You can override the reboot prompt by restoring using the command line /rb:0 switch, but do this only if you are an advanced user and understand the potential ramifications of not rebooting.

Image for DOS Restore Options for an Entire Drive

The options you can set while restoring using Image for DOS depend on whether you restore an entire drive or a partition. When you restore an entire drive, Image for DOS offers these options that you can set:

Scale to Target – If you use this option when restoring an image, Image for DOS restores the image proportionally to the target drive. For example, suppose that you backed up a 100 MB hard drive and restored the image to a 200 MB hard drive. If you use this option, you allow Image for DOS to double the size of the restored image. This option only works for FAT, FAT32, and NTFS file systems and has no effect on images restored to hard drives using other file systems. You cannot use this option in conjunction with the Scale to Fit option. If you inadvertently enable both options, Scale to Fit will take precedence.

Scale to Fit – On FAT, FAT32, or NTFS file systems, selecting this option will make Image for DOS assume that the size of the original hard drive is based on the location of the end of the last partition; Image for DOS then applies the same scaling to the target hard drive. If any unpartitioned space existed at the end of the source drive, that unpartitioned space won’t exist on the target drive after you restore your image. This option has no effect on images restored to hard drives using other file systems. You cannot use this option in conjunction with the Scale to Target option. If you inadvertently enable both options, Scale to Fit will take precedence.

Aligned Restore – If you select this option, Image for DOS will align each restored partition to the beginning and end of a cylinder boundary. You may want to enable this option if the target drive has a different geometry than the source drive. Disable this option if you want the target drive to be configured identically to the source drive.

Validate Before Restore – If you select this option, Image for DOS will validate the image file(s) prior to restoring them, will perform internal consistency checks on the backup file(s). If Image for DOS encounters an error during validation, Image for DOS will abort the restore operation without overwriting the partition. If you select this option, the overall processing time Image for DOS takes to restore the image will increase, but you can restore the image with greater certainty that the restored image will be reliable.

Validate Byte-for-Byte – If you select this option, Image for DOS will verify that every byte in the source backup image file was written back to the drive correctly, ensuring 100% accuracy. This option generally increases the processing time of the overall backup operation, but is advisable to use where maximum reliability is required.

Ignore IO Errors – Under ordinary circumstances, if Image for DOS encounters a bad sector on the target partition while restoring, Image for DOS will notify you concerning the write error and give you the option to continue or abort. If you select the Ignore IO Errors option, Image for DOS will ignore the error and continue. Generally, you should select this option only if you need to restore to a target drive that contains known bad sectors. On some systems, if you select this setting and Image for DOS encounters bad sectors, there will be a significant delay as the internal retry/recovery routine of the drive attempts to handle the bad sector(s). In addition, some systems may hang if the BIOS option is used to access the source drive. In such cases, try using the BIOS (Direct) option instead.

Assume Original HD – If you select this option, Image for DOS will keep references to the source hard drive number intact within the partitions that have been restored to the target. If you do not select this option and the target drive number differs from that of the source drive, applicable drive references residing within the restored partitions will be updated to reflect the new hard drive number.
This option has no effect if you are restoring to a target drive whose number matches that of the source drive. If you are restoring to a target drive whose number differs from that of the source drive, but you plan to subsequently move the target drive so that its number matches the source drive again, enabling this option can be beneficial.

Disable Auto Eject – This option prevents Image for DOS from automatically opening the optical drive tray. If you don’t select this option, Image for DOS will open the drive tray whenever a disc is needed and at the completion of the restore operation.

Save Log – Select this option to make Image for DOS log the date and time it completes the restore operation. Image for DOS saves the log as IFD.LOG in the IMAGE.EXE program directory. To be able to save IFD.LOG, Image for DOS must be running from a writable medium such as a non-write-protected floppy diskette. You can use the /logfile or LogFile options to specify an alternate location for IFD.LOG.

First Track Sectors – This text box allows you to specify how many sectors of the first track of each partition should be restored. If you enter AUTO in this box, the tracks needed for the EMBR will be restored. If you aren’t sure, type AUTO in this box.

Image for DOS Restore Options for an Individual Partition

When you restore an individual partition, Image for DOS offers these options that you can set:

Set Active – If you select this option, Image for DOS will make the restored partition the active partition after completing the restore operation.

Write Standard MBR Code – If you select this option, Image for DOS will install standard master boot code to the Master Boot Record (MBR) after completing the restore operation. The other portions of the MBR (i.e. the partition table, disk signature(s), etc.) will not be affected.

Restore Disk Signature – This option applies when you restore a partition that had been assigned a drive letter within Windows prior to being backed up. If you select this option, Image for DOS will restore the disk signature associated with the source partition. If you don’t select this option, Image for DOS will use the disk signature already present in the MBR of the target drive; if none exists, Image for DOS will create one if necessary. If you are restoring a partition that had been assigned a drive letter in Windows and you wish to keep that drive letter assignment, select this option.

Restore First Track – Whenever you back up any partition, Image for DOS also backs up the first track of the source hard drive. If you select this option, Image for DOS will restore the first track as well as the partition and the disk signature. This allows you to restore the MBR/EMBR, if desired.

Validate Before Restore – If you select this option, Image for DOS will validate the image file(s) prior to restoring them. If Image for DOS encounters an error during validation, Image for DOS will abort the restore operation without overwriting the target.

Ignore IO Errors – Under ordinary circumstances, if Image for DOS encounters a bad sector on the target drive while restoring an image, Image for DOS will notify you concerning the write error and give you the option to continue or abort. If you select the Ignore IO Errors option, Image for DOS will ignore the error and continue. Generally, you should select this option only if you need to restore to a target drive that contains known bad sectors. On some systems, if you select this setting and Image for DOS encounters bad sectors, there will be a significant delay as the internal retry/recovery routine of the drive attempts to handle the bad sector(s). In addition, some systems may hang if the BIOS option is used to access the source drive. In such cases, try using the BIOS (Direct) option instead.

Move to Original MBR Entry – If you select this option, Image for DOS will move the partition table entry of the restored partition to the same location in the master partition table as it had on the source drive. Image for DOS will also move the existing partition table entry to another location rather than overwrite it. You may want to enable this option if you use an environment that tracks master partition table entries, such as Linux.

Resize After Restore – Currently available only for FAT, FAT32, and NTFS partitions, you can use this text box to specify a new size for the restored partition, bound by the Minimum and Maximum values specified by Image for DOS. The units used here are mebibytes, abbreviated MiB. (Please refer to the section titled Data Storage Size Unit Conventions at the beginning of this manual for more information.)

Restoring a Backup with Image for Windows

You can use Image for Windows to restore an image as long as you are not trying to restore the image to the copy of Windows you are currently using. Image for Windows can restore images to partitions not in use. To use Image for Windows to restore an image of a Windows installation when you have no other operating systems available, you can:
* use Image for DOS, as described in the preceding to sections, or
* use a Bart PE bootable Windows CD that also contains the Image for Windows plug-in. When you boot your computer using this CD, you boot to a Windows pre-environment state, where you can use Image for Windows to restore your backup.
To use Image for Windows to restore an image, follow these steps:

1. Double-click the Image for Windows icon on your desktop or launch the program from its program group on the Start menu.

2. On the Image for Windows Welcome window, select Restore.

3. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the device that contains the image you want to restore.
Note: If the device containing the image is a USB device that Image for Windows doesn’t display, select Windows File. As long as Windows recognizes the device, you will be able to select it in the next window.

4. Click Next. At the top of the window that appears next, open the list of drives and select the external drive containing the image to restore. Click the Windows Browse button to navigate to the drive; you can use UNC paths. Then, select the name of the image file you want to restore, which Image for Windows displays in the Filename box at the bottom of the window.
Note: If you select a differential backup to restore, you will be prompted to select the related full backup file.

5. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the partition where you want to restore the backup file. You can select a drive or partition and click the Information button to view the number of MiB used, free, and needed to restore. You can select a drive and click the Geometry button to set the geometry for the target drive. More information on this function is provided in the “Geometry Settings” section below.
If you select a free space partition, you can click the Create Extended button to create an extended partition and restore the backup to that partition.

6. Click Next. A message appears, warning you that Image for Windows will overwrite the selected partition and all data currently in the selected partition will be lost.

7. Click Yes. In the window that appears, set the options you want Image for Windows to use during the restore operation. See the next section, “Image for Windows Restore Options,” for an explanation of each option.

8. If you are restoring from CD/DVD discs, insert the first disc in the backup set.

9. Click Finish. The restore process begins, and a progress bar appears on- screen. You can interrupt the backup and validation operations at any time by clicking Cancel or pressing the Esc key. Image for Windows will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel before it interrupts the current operation.
Note: If Image for Windows reports that it cannot obtain a lock, you’ll need to restore using Image for DOS, Image for Linux, or Image for Windows from a pre- environment disc such as Bart PE as mentioned earlier.

Geometry Settings

The Geometry Override settings allow you to set alignment options as well as specific Cylinder (C), Head (H), or Sector (S) to use for a given drive. In addition to manually entering the values, you can enable the Use Original Geometry to have Image for Windows use the geometry from the backup image.

This CHS option is needed when the geometry assigned by Windows to a given drive does not match the BIOS geometry for the drive. This is most common when you attach a hard drive from another machine to the USB port to restore the image.
C – Last Cylinder (0 to 1023)
H – Last Head (0 to 254)
S – Sectors per Track (1 to 63)

Use Original Geometry – Use the geometry saved in the backup file.

Align on End – Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to align restored partitions at the end of a cylinder, or when the Align2048 option is enabled, at the end of a 2048 sector boundary.

Align End by Resizing – Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to align both the beginning and end of a partition by resizing. This only affects partitions that Image for Windows can resize.

Use 2048 Sector Alignment – Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to align restored partitions based on 2048 sectors.

Align MBR Ending HS – Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to force a restored partition’s ending head and sector values in the MBR to match the current geometry.

Align MBR HS when Truncated – Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to set a restored partition’s head and sector values in the MBR to match the current geometry when it is located outside the range of the current geometry.

Save as Default – Save the current settings to the IFW.INI file as the defaults.

Image for Windows Restore Options

During the restore process, you can set a variety of options, shown in the figure below.

Validate Before Restore – If you select this option, Image for Windows will validate the image file(s) prior to restoring them and perform internal consistency checks on the backup file(s). If Image for Windows encounters an error during validation, Image for Windows will abort the restore operation without overwriting the partition.
If you select this option, the overall processing time Image for Windows takes to restore the image will increase, but you can restore the image with greater certainty that the restored image will be reliable.

Validate Byte-for-Byte – If you select this option, Image for Windows will verify that every byte in the source backup image file was written back to the drive correctly, ensuring 100% accuracy. This option generally increases the processing time of the overall backup operation, but is advisable to use where maximum reliability is required.

Assume Original HD – If you select this option, Image for Windows will keep references to the source hard drive number intact within the partitions that have been restored to the target. If you do not select this option and the target drive number differs from that of the source drive, applicable drive references residing within the restored partitions will be updated to reflect the new hard drive number.
This option has no effect if you are restoring to a target drive whose number matches that of the source drive. If you are restoring to a target drive whose number differs from that of the source drive, but you plan to subsequently move the target drive so that its number matches the source drive again, enabling this option can be beneficial.

Save Log – Select this option to make Image for Windows log the date and time it completes the restore operation. Image for Windows saves the log as IFD.LOG in the IMAGE.EXE program directory. To be able to save IFD.LOG, Image for Windows must be running from a writable medium such as a non-write-protected floppy diskette. You can use the /logfile or LogFile options to specify an alternate location for IFD.LOG.

Disable Auto Eject – This option prevents Image for Windows from automatically opening the optical drive tray. If you don’t select this option, Image for Windows will open the drive tray whenever a disc is needed and at the completion of the restore operation.

Move to Original MBR Entry – If you select this option, Image for Windows will move the partition table entry of the restored partition to the same location in the master partition table as it had on the source drive. Image for Windows will also move the existing partition table entry to another location rather than overwrite it. You may want to enable this option if you use an environment that tracks master partition table entries, such as Linux.

Set Active – If you select this option, Image for Windows will make the restored partition the active partition after completing the restore operation.

Write Standard MBR Code – If you select this option, Image for Windows will install standard master boot code to the Master Boot Record (MBR) after completing the restore operation. The other portions of the MBR (i.e. the partition table, disk signature(s), etc.) will not be affected.

Ignore IO Errors – Under ordinary circumstances, if Image for Windows encounters a bad sector on the target drive while restoring an image, Image for Windows will notify you concerning the write error and give you the option to continue or abort. If you select the Ignore IO Errors option, Image for Windows will ignore the error and continue. Generally, you should select this option only if you need to restore to a target drive that contains known bad sectors. On some systems, if you select this setting and Image for Windows encounters bad sectors, there will be a significant delay as the internal retry/recovery routine of the drive attempts to handle the bad sector(s). In addition, some systems may hang if the BIOS option is used to access the source drive. In such cases, try using the BIOS (Direct) option instead.

Restore First Track – Whenever you back up any partition, Image for Windows also backs up the first track of the source hard drive. If you select this option, Image for Windows will restore the first track as well as the partition and the disk signature. This allows you to restore the MBR/EMBR, if desired.

Restore Disk Signature – This option applies when you restore a partition that had been assigned a drive letter within Windows prior to being backed up. If you select this option, Image for Windows will restore the disk signature associated with the source partition. If you don’t select this option, Image for Windows will use the disk signature already present in the MBR of the target drive; if none exists, Image for Windows will create one if necessary. If you are restoring a partition that had been assigned a drive letter in Windows and you wish to keep that drive letter assignment, select this option.

Resize After Restore – Currently available only for FAT, FAT32, and NTFS partitions, you can use this text box to specify a new size for the restored partition, bound by the Minimum and Maximum values specified by Image for Windows. The units used here are mebibytes, abbreviated MiB. (Please refer to the section titled Data Storage Size Unit Conventions at the beginning of this manual for more information.)

Validating Backups with Image for Windows

You can use Image for Windows to validate backups at the time you create them and also before you restore a backup. You also can validate a backup at any time using the instructions provided below.
When you validate a backup, Image for Windows performs internal consistency checks on the backup file(s), helping to ensure that the backup will be reliable if you need to restore from it.

Validating a Backup

When you use the steps that follow to validate a backup, Image for Windows performs a standard validation, not the byte-for-byte validation that provides a more intense scrutiny of a backup file. You can perform a byte-for-byte validation only as part of a backup operation. See the section, “Setting Backup Options” for details on a byte-for-byte validation.

1. Double-click the Image for Windows icon on your desktop or launch the program from its program group on the Start menu.

2. On the Image for Windows Welcome window, select Validate.

3. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the hard drive or partition containing the image you want to validate.
Note: If you want to validate an image stored on a USB device that Image for Windows doesn’t display, select Windows File. As long as Windows recognizes the device, you will be able to select it in the next window.

4. Click Next. In the window that appears, select the file you want to validate. At the top of the window, open the list of drives and select the drive containing the image file you want to validate. If you stored the file on a network drive, you can click the Windows Browse button to navigate to the drive. After you select the file, the name of the file appears in the Filename box at the bottom of the window.

5. Click Next. In the window that appears, set the options you want Image for Windows to use while validating. See the next section, “Understanding Options,” for an explanation of these options.

6. If you are backing up to CD/DVD discs, insert a blank disc.

7. Click Finish. The validation process begins, and a progress bar appears on- screen. You can interrupt the operation at any time by clicking Cancel or pressing the Esc key. Image for Windows will ask you to confirm that you want to cancel before it interrupts the operation.
When Image for Windows finishes, a window appears to inform you that Image for Windows created the backup successfully. You can click Close.

Understanding Validation Options

You can set two options when you validate an image:

Save Log – Select this option to make Image for Windows log the date and time it completes the validation operation. Image for Windows saves the log as IFW.LOG in the directory where you installed Image for Windows. To be able to save IFW.LOG, Image for Windows must be running from a writable medium such as a non-write-protected floppy diskette. You can use the /logfile or LogFile options to specify an alternate location for IFW.LOG.

Deploying Your Image

When you deploy an image, you restore it to a number of computers in an organization. Therefore, the information in this section does not apply to most home users.

Image for Windows does not change the SID of Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 systems. If you are using Image for Windows for deployment purposes and want to change the SID for Windows NT/2000/XP you should use the MS sysprep utility or you can download a free utility named NewSID.

You may want to set up the base machine so that the last partition ends at one track less then the actual end of the hard drive (around 8 MB less) to leave room for different brands or models of the same size hard drive. You may also want to investigate the free ImageAll utility available from the TeraByte Unlimited web site.

See the following for more information on how to prepare for deployment for Windows XP:
How to Use the Sysprep Tool to Automate Successful Deployment of Windows XP
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/302577
Windows XP How-to and Technical Article Resources
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb878149.aspx
Download for the Microsoft Windows XP SP1 Deployment Tools
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=7A83123D-507B- 4095-9D9D-0A195F7B5F69&displaylang=en
Download for the Microsoft Windows XP SP2 Deployment Tools
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/info.aspx?na=47&p=1&SrcDisplayLang=en&SrcCategoryId=&SrcFamilyId=0c4bfb06-2824-4d2b-abc1- 0e2223133afb&u=details.aspx%3ffamilyid%3d3E90DC91-AC56-4665-949B- BEDA3080E0F6%26displaylang%3den

See the following for more information on how to prepare for deployment for Windows Vista:

http://technet2.microsoft.com/WindowsVista/en/library/2957d7c4-02c7-4205- afb5-f03434d8f37d1033.mspx?mfr=true

See the following for more information on how to prepare for deployment for Windows 2003 Server:
What is Sysprep?
http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/c03a5469-ef71-4545- b970-ce2add5e715c1033.mspx?mfr=true
Download for the Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Sysprep Tool:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=93F20BB1-97AA- 4356-8B43-9584B7E72556&displaylang=en

See the following for more information on how to prepare for deployment for Windows 2000:
Download for the Microsoft Windows 2000 Sysprep Tool:
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=0C4BFB06-2824- 4D2B-ABC1-0E2223133AFB&displaylang=en
Deploying MS Windows 2000 Professional and MS Office 2000 Using Sysprep
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windows2000pro/deploy/depopt/sysprep.mspx
Using Sysprep to Duplicate Disks
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windows2000serv/reskit/deploy/dgcb_ins_izyl.mspx?mfr=true

See the following for more information on how to prepare for deployment for Windows NT:
Windows NT Workstation Deployment
http://www.microsoft.com/technet/archive/ntwrkstn/deploy/depopt/default.mspx?mfr=true

Image for Windows Advanced Configuration Options

Image for Windows offers a number of advanced configuration options. You can set these options in a user-created IFW.INI file or using environment variables that you include on the command line or in a batch file. You also can create a services.ins file to control Windows services while working in Image for Windows.

The way you run Image for Windows affects the way Image for Windows processes advanced options. If you run Image for Windows using the menu interface as described earlier in this manual, Image for Windows sets all options using IFW.INI, and you can customize IFW.INI. If you also want to set environment variables, store them in a batch file that you run prior to running Image for Windows.

If you run Image for Windows from the command line as described in the section, “Running Image for Windows from the Command Line,” Image for Windows processes the command line switches and uses IFW.INI to process global default options (but ignores all other options in IFW.INI) and finally processes any environment variables you set. So, environment variables take precedence over IFW.INI. The services.ins file functions independently and Image for Windows will process it if it exists unless you include a switch to ignore services.ins.

Image for Windows INI File

To apply settings to Image for Windows, you create a text file named IFW.INI, using a text editor such as Notepad. Image for Windows will look for IFW.INI in the current directory only.

Settings you specify in IFW.INI need to be placed under a section name. For details on the settings available, refer to Tables 1 to 8 in the section, “Running Image for Windows from the Command Line.” A typical backup IFW.INI file might look like this:
[Options]
SeqVolID=1
TimeZone=PST8PDT
[BACKUP_DEFAULTS]
PostValidate=2
[HD0]
UseOrgGeo=1
Tip: If you are using Bart PE and the Image for Windows plug- in, you can use the [License] section of a file named imagew.ini to automate entering your Image for Windows product key using the format shown below. For more information, see the documentation provided in the ZIP file that contains the Image for Windows plug-in. You can download the plug-in here: http://www.terabyteunlimited.com/downloads-image-for- windows.htm#ifwplugin
[License]
key=username licensenumber

Image for Windows Environment Variables

You use the SET command is used to establish Image for Windows environment variables. The format for Image for Windows environment variables is:
SET IFW=option1:value;option2:value;option3:value
All of the environment variables you can use with Image for Windows are set by using the same options as would be used from the command line (not the INI options). The command line options appear in the left column of Tables 1 to 8.

You can display a list of currently set environment variables from the command line by typing the set command with no parameters. To remove an environment variable, type the set command, the variable name, and an equal sign (=) followed by no value.

Image for Windows File Path Variables

You use a set of special variables in the image file name path. The variables are inserted in the file name path by using a special format of %~variablename%. The available variable names are:
YYYY (four digit year), YY (two digit year), MM (two digit month), DD (two digit day of month), DOY (three digit day of year), DOW (three character day of week), and HHMM (four digit hours and minutes).
For Example:
“Backup on %~YYYY%-%~MM%-%~DD%”

Image for Windows and Windows Services

To control Windows services from within Image for Windows after PHYLock starts, set up a file called services.ins. Place each service’s entry on a separate line and save the file as a comma-separated values (CSV) file. You can set the following parameters in the order listed on each line:
* Service name - the name of service to control
* The action to take before backing up - start/stop/pause/continue/none
* The number of milliseconds to wait before backing up – a value in milliseconds that represents the maximum wait time for action completion
* The action to take after PHYLock starts - start/stop/pause/continue/none
* The number of milliseconds to wait after PHYLock starts - a value in milliseconds that represents the maximum wait time for action completion
* The action to take after completing the backup - start/stop/pause/continue/none
* The number of milliseconds to wait after completing the backup - a value in milliseconds that represents the maximum wait time for action completion

For example, suppose that you create a services.ins file that contains the following string:
my service,stop,30000,none,,start,10000
Using this information, Image for Windows will stop the service named “my service” before backing up, waiting up to 30000 milliseconds before backing up. In addition, Image for Windows will take no action after PHYLock starts. After the backup finishes, Image for Windows will restart “my service,” waiting a maximum of 10000 milliseconds after completing the backup.
Note: Image for Windows will process services.ins if it exists unless you include the /ignsvc switch on the command line or the IgnoreServices parameter in the IFW.INI file to ignore services.ins.

Running Image for Windows from the Command Line

You can run Image for Windows (IMAGEW.EXE) from the command line. Be sure to separate the command line options with spaces or colons (:). You can view all available command line options by typing the following command at the command prompt in the Image for Windows directory:
imagew /?
When running Image for Windows from the command line, you might need to include references to hard drive numbers and/or partition IDs. To determine the correct hard drive number or partition ID, complete Steps 1 through 4 in the section “Creating a Full Backup,” making sure that you select the hard drive whose number and/or partition IDs you need to obtain. The hard drive number will then appear in the format “HD n” (e.g. “HD 0” or “HD 1”). The partition ID appears in parenthesis at the end of each partition description and consists of either two or four characters. In the figure, the partition ID for the selected drive is 01.
Note: Under certain configurations, hard drive numbers may be different under DOS than they are under Windows or other environments.

The basic format for running Image for Windows from the command line is:
imagew [action] [options]
Valid values for [action] are:
B Backup
R Restore
V Validate
L List partitions, optical drives, or file contents.
REBOOT Reboot system

When you specify command line options, you precede each option by typing the / (slash) character.
For example, you might type the following at the command prompt to create a backup using Image for Windows. The command specifies the source drive and partition, the target drive and partition, and the backup filename.
imagew /b /d:0@0×01 /f:1@0×01:\mypath\filename
The first parameter, /b, identifies that you want to perform a backup.
The second parameter, /d:0, identifies the drive to back up. This example backs up Hard Drive 0.
The next part of that parameter, @0×01, identifies the partition to back up on the selected hard drive; this example backs up the first partition. If you want to back up the entire drive, simply omit the part of the parameter that identifies the partition.
The third parameter, /f, identifies that you are about to specify where to store the backup file. 1 identifies the target drive and @0×01 again identifies the partition; in this example, Image for Windows will store the backup file on Hard Drive 1 in the partition with ID 0×01. The information after @0×01 represents the path and file name where you want to store the backup file. In this example, Image for Windows stores the backup file in \mypath\filename.

To list partitions on a hard drive, you would type:
imagew /l /d:0 > filename.txt
In this example, /d:0 identifies hard drive 0 as the drive for which you want to list partitions and > filename.txt indicates the file to receive the output. You can add /fs to list free space.
You can also omit the /d to list all drives and partitions, /opt to list optical drives, or provide a file name via /f to list the description and partitions.

In Table 1, you find the global parameters you can set for Image for Windows regardless of the action you set (backup, restore, or validate).
The table shows you both the command line option and the INI file variable. In some instances, both forms of the parameter are available; in other cases, only one is available. When one form of an option isn’t available, N/A appears. To set up an INI file, place these parameters in the [Options] section except as otherwise noted.

Table 1: Image for Windows Global Parameters

Command Line Option
INI Variable
/uvl
VolumeLabels
Instructs Image for Windows to display volume labels, if possible, rather than the string found in the partition table of the EMBR.
This is the Default. If you disable this option and an identifier for the partition exists in the EMBR, Image for Windows will display it.
/seq
SeqVolID
Instructs Image for Windows to assign ID numbers to volumes in sequential order rather than random order.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will assign ID numbers to the volumes in random order.
/nocan
NoCancel
Tells Image for Windows not to permit use of the F12 key to cancel the backup, restore, or validate operation once it has begun.
Default if omitted: You can use the F12 key to cancel the backup operation.
/logfile:x:\path\logfile.txt
LogFile
Use this parameter to specify the path and file name of the log file. x is a drive letter, path is the desired path, logfile (or log file) is the name of the log file, and txt is the file extension of the log file. Image for Windows doesn’t automatically add a file extension. If you use paths and/or file names with imbedded spaces, enclose them in quotation marks.
The path you specify must exist because Image for Windows will not create it or the log file.
Default if omitted: If logging has not been disabled with /log:0, a log named IFW.LOG is created in the current directory of the operating environment.
/evlogl
EventLogLevel
This option affects how Image for Windows writes to the Windows event log during backup, restore, and validation operations. Valid values for this option range from 0 to 4:
0 – Disable all event logging
1 – Log errors only
2 – Log errors and warnings
3 – Log errors, warnings, and start/stop status
4 – Log errors, warnings, start/stop status, and information
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will log errors, warnings, and start/stop status to the event log (equivalent to /evlogl:3).
/relax
RelaxedMatching
Use this option when performing a differential backup to instruct Image for Windows to relax some of the criteria it uses to determine the drive you used as the source during the corresponding full backup. This option has no effect during full backup operations.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not relax the criteria it uses to detect the full backup source drive.
/plur
PHYLOckUseReg
Use this option to obtain PHYLock settings from the registry instead of using those stored in the ifw.ini file and/or set using environment variables.
Default if omitted: PHYLock uses INI and/or environment variables.
/ignsvc
IgnoreServices
Use this option to tell Image for Windows to ignore the services.ins configuration file.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses the services.ins file if it exists.
/usbign:n
USBIgnoreMask
Use this option to hide certain USB host controllers. For example, if you have a USB keyboard, Image for Windows might disable the keyboard when it takes control of the USB2 host controller. Using this option, you can hide the host controller of that USB keyboard and attach the USB keyboard to a different controller. It usually takes some experimentation to determine which controller to hide, but the two USB ports next to each other are usually controlled by the same host controller. To hide the first USB controller, use /usbign:1, and to hide the second USB controller, use /usbign:2. To hide the third USB controller, use /usbign:4. To hide both the first and second USB controllers, use /usbign:3.
Note: Use a basic Bit Mask numbering scheme.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows takes control of all USB2 host controllers.
/msg:mymessage
Message
Use this option to specify the text Image for Windows displays while backing up, restoring, or validating. The maximum length of the message text depends on the memory available in your computer. If your message text contains spaces, place the message text in quotation marks:
/msg:”my message”
Use /n to force a new line; otherwise, text wraps to screen width only:
/msg:”first line\nsecond line”
Default if omitted: No message text is displayed.
/npt
NoPartTable=0×10000
Place under the [HDx] section
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to treat the selected drive as a drive that doesn’t use a partition table. If you use this option on the command line, you must place it before the /d option. It stays in effect until you disable it using /npt:0. You may want to disable this option if you use additional options to select a device/partition such as the /f:0@0×1:\filename option.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows treats the selected drive as a drive that uses a partition table.
/anpt
AssumeNoPartTable=0×40000
Place under the [HDx] section
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to treat the selected drive as a drive that doesn’t use a partition table only if the first sector on the drive is all zeros.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows treats the selected drive as a drive that uses a partition table.
/nptrm
NPTOptRemMedOnly=0×80000
Goes under the [HDx] section
Use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to apply the npt or anpt options on removable media only.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows applies the npt or anpt option to all drives..
/uhci:0 or /uhci:1
UHCI=0 or UHCI=1
Enables supports for most built-in USB 1.1 controllers (typically found on older computers).
Default if omitted: Image for Windows supports UHCI USB1.1 controllers
/un
N/A
Use this parameter to perform an unattended backup and tell Image for Windows to assume the answer to all Yes/No prompts is No, the answer to all OK/Cancel messages is Cancel, and the answer to all Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts is Abort. Image for Windows then terminates the backup process when the first Yes/No prompt appears.
If desired, you may override the effect of un for Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts by also supplying the ui parameter. See the description of the ui parameter below for more information.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not run an unattended backup.
/uy
N/A
Use this parameter to perform an unattended backup and tell Image for Windows to assume the answer to all Yes/No prompts is Yes, the answer to all OK/Cancel messages is OK, and the answer to all Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts is Ignore.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not run an unattended backup.
/ui
N/A
Use this parameter when performing an unattended backup to tell Image for Windows to assume the answer to all Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts is Ignore. This parameter may be used either alone or in conjunction with un. (Using ui with uy is unnecessary, since uy alone causes Ignore to be selected.)
Default if omitted: Image for Windows assumes the answer to all Abort/Retry/Ignore prompts is either Abort or Ignore, depending on whether you set un or uy (respectively). If un, uy, and ui are all omitted, Image for Windows displays the Abort/Retry/Ignore prompt.
/um
N/A
During an unattended backup using CD/DVD discs, use this parameter to tell Image for Windows to ignore the first request for media. This option helps you start the backup if you have already inserted a disc and a prompt appears asking for the disc. This option works only for the first prompt—you need to respond to other prompts for media.
Default if omitted: You must respond to the first request for media.
You also can set options to control the behavior of PHYLock; these options are described in Table 2. In some instances, both forms of the parameter are available; in other cases, only one is available. When one form of an option isn’t available, N/A appears. To set up an INI file, place these parameters in the [PHYLock_Options] section.

Table 2: PHYLock Parameters

Command Line Option
INI Variable
/pldis
PHYLockDisable
Use this option to disable PHYLock completely.
Default if omitted. Image for Windows uses PHYLock to lock the disk or partition.
/plifnl
PHYLockIfNoLock
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to use PHYLock if Image for Windows can’t obtain a normal lock.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows will report that it cannot perform the selected operation because it cannot obtain a lock on the selected drive or partition.
/plrell
PHYLockReleaseLock
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to attempt a normal lock and then use PHYLock, even if the lock was obtained. If Image for Windows obtains a normal lock, the lock is released after enabling PHYLock.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses a normal lock if it can obtain one; if not, Image for Windows uses PHYLock to lock the disk or partition.
/plvolf
PHYLockVolFlush
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to attempt to flush the disk cache of the source drive before attempting to obtain a normal lock or enabling PHYLock.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows does not try to flush the disk cache.
/pldisk
PHYLockUseDisk
Use this option to instruct Image for Windows to attempt to use disk-based storage for the PHYLock cache with a size specified by the /pldcs parameter.
This is the default.
/plmem:2 or
/plmem:1 or
/plmem:0
PHYLockMemory=2 or
PHYLockMemory=1 or
PHYLockMemory=0
Use this option to control how much computer memory PHYLock will allocate for itself. You only need to increase the allocation size if you receive the error “PHYLock failed to cache changes” and increasing the PHYLock memory and/or disk cache (i.e. /plcs and/or /pldcs) has not solved the problem.
Using a value of 2 instructs PHYLock to use a smaller memory allocation, while 1 and 0 correspond to a normal and larger allocation, respectively.
Default if omitted: PHYLock uses a normal memory allocation.
/pldcs:n
PHYLockDiskCacheSize
Use this option to set the size in MiB of the disk cache Image for Windows should use. n should be a positive integer (e.g. 100, 1024, etc.) between 1 and 4095. You must also use /pldisk for /pldcs to have any effect.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses 200 MiB for the disk cache size.
/plwft
PHYLockWaitTime
Use this option to set the amount of time, in milliseconds (ms), during which writes to the source drive will prevent PHYLock from becoming enabled. Setting this parameter helps ensure that file truncation and/or corruption does not occur. Keep this value above 1250.
Default if omitted: Image for Windows uses 4250.
/plmwt
PHYLockMaxWaitTime
Use this option to set the maximum amount of time, in minutes, that PHYLock will wait before it enables. You can use this option to prevent frequent disk writes from interfering with the start of a backup operation.
Default if omitted: PHYLock will wait indefinitely until the wait time is satisfied or you cancel the operation.
/plcs:n or /plcs:nMiB
PHYLockCacheSize
Use this option to set the size in kilobytes of the memory cache Image for Windows should use for PHYLock. n should be a positive integer (e.g. 100, 1024, etc.) between 1 and 4095.
Default if omitted: PHYLock uses a 8192-KiB memory cache.

Image for Windows Backup Options

In Table 3, you find the command line options that you must set to use Image for Windows to make a backup image.
The table shows you both the command line option and the INI file variable. In some instances, both forms of the parameter are available; in other cases, only one is available. When one form of an option isn’t available, N/A appears. To set up an INI file, place these parameters in the [Backup_Defaults] section.

Table 3: Image for Windows Required Backup Parameters

Command Line Option
INI Variable
/b
N/A
Use this option to indicate that you want to perform a backup.
Also required: Either /d option to specify a full backup or /base option (for differential backup) and the /f option to specify target image file destination.
/d
N/A
Use when performing a full backup to identify the source hard drive and partition. For most users, the partition ID will be a number from 1 through 4. For partition IDs of 9 or below, you can use a single digit in place of hexadecimal notation (e.g. 1 is equivalent to 0×1, and 5 is equivalent to 0×5).
The volume ID will be a number formatted as 0xPVV, where P is the extended partition and VV is the volume number in hexadecimal from 01 to FF.
If you are not sure what the partition or volume ID is, run Image for Windows using the interface, choose the Backup option, and click Next. The screen that lists the partitions and volumes also will display the ID in parentheses as a hexadecimal number. You should prefix that number with a 0x on the command line.
/d:d@p
/d:wd@p
/d:od@p
d is the source hard drive number
p is the source partition or volume ID (hex or decimal notation), depending on whether you are referring to a partition or a volume.
You can use device modifiers as needed. When you use them, you must place them after the /d: and before the source hard drive number:
w – Windows device.
The /d option cannot be used with the /base option.
/base
N/A
Use when performing a differential backup to identify the full backup on which Image for Windows should base this differential backup.
/base:x:\bkup
/base:x:\mypath\bkup
/base:”x:\my path\bkup”
Or:
/base:d@p:\bkup
/base:d@p:\mypath\bkup
/base:”d@p:\my path\bkup”
x:\ is source drive letter
mypath or my path is path to bkup
bkup is name of existing full backup (omit file extension)
Or:
Specify source device, partition, path, and file name:
d is source hard drive number
p is source partition ID (hex or decimal notation)
You can use device modifiers as needed. When you use them, you must place them after the /base: and before the source hard drive number:
w – Windows Device
o – Optical drive (when you combine this option with the option mentioned above, this option must come last)
Whether using drive letter or device/partitio

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